ādiparva - Chapter-10
आदिपर्व - ādiparva
अध्यायः – 10 ::Chapter-10
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Shlokas |
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वैशम्पायन उवाच। ततः सत्यवती काले वधूं स्नातामृतौ तदा। संवेशयन्ती शयने शनैर्वचनमब्रवीत्॥ 1 कौसल्ये देवरस्तेऽस्ति सोऽद्य त्वाऽनुप्रवेक्ष्यति। अप्रमत्ता प्रतीक्षैनं निशीथे ह्यागमिष्यति॥ 2 श्वश्र्वास्तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा शयाना शयने शुभे। साऽचिन्तयत्तदा भीष्ममन्यांश्च कुरुपुङ्गवान्॥ 3 ततोऽम्बिकायां प्रथमं नियुक्तः सत्यवागृषिः। दीप्यमानेषु दीपेषु शरणं प्रविवेश ह ॥ 4 तस्य कृष्णस्य कपिलां जटां दीप्ते च लोचने। बब्रूणि चैव श्मश्रूमि दृष्ट्वा देवी न्यमीलयत्॥ 5 संभूव तया सार्धं मातुः प्रियचिकीर्षया। भयात्काशिसुता तं तु नाशक्नोदभिवीक्षितुम्॥ 6 ततो निष्क्रान्तमागम्य माता पुत्रमुवाच ह। अप्यस्यां गुणवान्पुत्र राजपुत्रो भविष्यति॥ 7 निशम्य तद्वचो मातुर्व्यासः सत्यवतीसुतः। नागायुतसमप्राणो विद्वान्राजर्षिसत्तमः।8 महाभागो महावीर्यो महाबुद्धिर्भविष्यति॥ तस्य चापि शतं पुत्रा भविष्यन्ति महात्मनः।9 किंतु मातुः स वैगुण्यादन्ध एव भविष्यति॥ 10 तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा माता पुत्रमथाऽब्रवीत्। नान्धः कुरूणां नृपतिरनुरूपस्तपोधन॥ 11 ज्ञातिवंशस्य गोप्तारं पितॄणां वंशवर्धनम्। द्वितीयं कुरुवंशस्य राजानं दातुमर्हसि॥ 12 स तथेति प्रतिज्ञाय निश्चक्राम महायशाः। साऽपि कालेन कौसल्या सुषुवेऽन्धं तमात्मजम्॥ 13 पुनरेव तु सा देवी परिभाष्य स्नुषां ततः। ऋषिमावाहयत्सत्या यथापूर्वमरिन्दम॥ 14 ततस्तेनैव विधिना महर्षिस्तामपद्यत। अम्बालिकामथाऽभ्यागादृषिं दृष्ट्वा च साऽपि तम्॥ 15 विवर्णा पाण्डुसंकाशा समपद्यत भारत। तां भीतां पाण्डुसंकाशां विषण्णां प्रेक्ष्य भारत॥ 16 व्यासः सत्यवतीपुत्र इदं वचनमब्रवीत्। यस्मात्पाण्डुत्वमापन्ना विरूपं प्रेक्ष्य मामिह॥ 17 तस्मादेष सुतस्ते वै पाण्डुरेव भविष्यति। नाम चास्यैतदेवेह भविष्यति शुभानने॥ 18 इत्युक्त्वा स निराक्रामद्भगवानृषिसत्तमः। ततो निष्क्रान्तमालोक्य सत्या पुत्रमथाऽब्रवीत्॥ 19 शशंस स पुनर्मात्रे तस्य बालस्य पाण्डुताम्॥ 20 तं माता पुनरेवान्यमेकं पुत्रमयाचत। तथेति च महर्षिस्तां मातरं प्रत्यभाषत॥ 21 ततः कुमारं सा देवी प्राप्तकालमजीजनत्। पाण्डुलक्षणसंपन्नं दीप्यमानमिव श्रिया॥ 22 यस्य पुत्रा महेष्वासा जज्ञिरे पञ्च पाण्डवाः। ऋतुकाले ततो ज्येष्ठां वधूं तस्मै न्ययोजयत्।23 सा तु रूपं च गन्धं च महर्षेः प्रविचिन्त्य तं॥ नाकरोद्वचनं देव्या भयात्सुरसुतोपमा।24 ततःस्वैर्भूषणैर्दासीं भूषयित्वाऽप्सरोपमाम्॥ प्रेषयामास कृष्णाय ततः काशिपतेः सुता।25 कामोपभोगेन रहस्तस्यां तुष्टिमगादृषिः। तया सहोषितो राजन्महर्षिः संशितव्रतः॥ 26 उत्तिष्ठन्नब्रवीदेनामभुजिष्या भविष्यसि। अयं च ते शुभे गर्भः श्रेयानुदरमागतः। धर्मात्मा भविता लोके सर्वबुद्धिमतां वरः॥ 27 स जज्ञे विदुरो नाम कृष्णद्वैपायनात्मजः। धृतराष्ट्रस्य वै भ्राता पाण्डोश्चैव महात्मनः॥ 28 धर्मो विदुररूपेण शापात्तस्य महात्मनः। माण्डव्यस्यार्थतत्त्वज्ञः कामक्रोधविवर्जितः॥ 29 कृष्णद्वैपायनोऽप्येतत्सत्यवत्यै न्यवेदयत्। प्रलम्भमात्मनश्चैव शूद्रायाः पुत्रजन्म च॥ 30 स धर्मस्यानृणो भूत्वा पुनर्मात्रा समेत्य च। तस्यै गर्भं समावेद्य तत्रैवान्तरधीयत॥ 31 एते विचित्रवीर्यस्य क्षेत्रे द्वैपायनादपि। जज्ञिरे देवगर्भाभाः कुरुवंशविवर्धनाः॥ ॥ 32 |
32 (639) |
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Vaisampayana said, 'Soon after the monthly period of the Kosala princess had finished, Satyavati purified her daughter-in-law with a bath and took her into the bedroom. Seating her on a luxurious bed, she said, 'O Princess of Kosala, your husband has an elder brother who will enter your womb today as your child. Stay awake for him tonight.' Hearing her mother-in-law’s words, the kind princess, lying on her bed, thought of Bhishma and the other elders of the Kuru family. Then the Rishi, who had promised to fulfill Amvika's wishes initially, entered her room while the lamp was lit. The princess, seeing his dark face, tangled copper-colored hair, fierce eyes, and grim beard, closed her eyes in fear. However, the Rishi, driven by the desire to fulfill his mother’s wishes, recognized her. But she, overwhelmed with fear, didn’t open her eyes even once to see him. When Vyasa left, he was met by his mother, who asked, 'Will the princess have a skilled son?' He answered, 'The child she will give birth to will be as powerful as ten thousand elephants. He will be a renowned king, rich in wisdom, intelligence, and vigor. In his lifetime, he will have a hundred sons. But due to his mother's flaw, he shall be blind.' Upon hearing this, Satyavati replied, 'O wise one, how can a blind man reign as a king worthy of the Kurus? How can a blind man protect his family and uplift his father's lineage? You must provide another ruler for the Kurus.' Saying, 'As you wish,' Vyasa departed, and in due time, the Kosala princess gave birth to a blind son.'. Soon after, Satyavati, the one who punishes her enemies, called for Vyasa, having received her daughter-in-law's agreement. Vyasa kept his promise and approached his brother's second wife. When Ambalika saw the sage, she turned pale with fear. Noticing her distress, Vyasa said to her, 'Since you have turned pale at the sight of my frightening appearance, your child will be pale as well. You, who are beautiful, will name your child Pandu (the pale).' With that, the great sage left her room. As he did, his mother asked about the child to be born. Vyasa explained that the child would be pale and known as Pandu. Satyavati then requested another child, and Vyasa agreed. When Ambalika's time came, she gave birth to a beautiful son with all auspicious signs. This child eventually became the father of the mighty archers, the Pandavas. Later, when the elder widow of Vichitravirya had her monthly cycle again, Satyavati urged her to go to Vyasa once more. Resembling a celestial maiden, the princess resisted her mother-in-law's request, recalling Vyasa's grim face and strong scent. Instead, she sent a beautiful maid, adorned with her own jewelry, to him. When Vyasa arrived, the maid stood up and greeted him. She showed him respect and took a seat next to him when he requested it. The great sage, devoted to his vows, was pleased with her, and before leaving, he spoke kindly to her, saying, 'You will no longer be a servant. Your child will also be very fortunate and virtuous, the wisest among all men on earth!' Thus, O king, the son conceived by Krishna-Dwaipayana was named Vidura. He was the brother of Dhritarashtra and the renowned Pandu. Vidura was free from desire, wise in governance, and was the earthly embodiment of justice, born under the curse of the great sage Mandavya. When Krishna-Dwaipayana reunited with his mother, he revealed how he had been misled by the eldest princess and fathered a son with a Sudra woman. After sharing this with his mother, the Rishi vanished from her view. Thus, in the land of Vichitravirya, were born, through Dwaipayana, sons shining like celestial beings, the founders of the Kuru lineage. |
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वैशम्पायन उवाच। तेषु त्रिषु कुमारेषु जातेषु कुरुजाङ्गलम्। कुरवोऽथ कुरुक्षेत्रं त्रयमेतदवर्धत॥ 1 ऊर्ध्वसस्याऽभवद्भूमिः सस्यानि फलवन्ति च। यथर्तुवर्षी पर्जन्यो बहुपुष्पफला द्रुमाः॥ 2 वाहनानि प्रहृष्टानि मुदिता मृगपक्षिणः। गन्धवन्ति च माल्यानि रसवन्ति फलानि च॥ 3 वणिग्भिश्चान्वकीर्यन्त नगराण्यथ शिल्पिभिः। शूराश्च कृतविद्याश्च सन्तश्च सुखिनोऽभवन्॥ 4 नाभवन्दस्यवः केचिन्नाधर्मरुचयो जनाः। प्रदेशेष्वपि राष्ट्राणां कृतं युगमवर्तत॥ 5 धर्मक्रिया यज्ञशीलाः सत्यव्रतपरायणाः। अन्योन्यप्रीतिसंयुक्ता व्यवर्धन्त प्रजास्तदा॥ 6 मानक्रोधविहीनाश्च नरा लोभविवर्जिताः। अन्योन्यमभ्यनन्दन्त धर्मोत्तरमवर्तत॥ 7 तन्महोदधिवत्पूर्णं नगरं वै व्यरोचत। द्वारतोरणनिर्यूहैर्युक्तमभ्रचयोपमैः॥ 8 प्रसादशतसंबाधं महेन्द्रपुरसन्निभम्। नदीषु वनखण्डेषु वापीपल्वलसानुषु। काननेषु च रम्येषु विजह्रुर्मुदिता जनाः॥ 9 उत्तरैः कुरुभिः सार्धं दक्षिणाः कुरवस्तथा। विस्पर्धमाना व्यचरंस्तथा देवर्षिचारणैः॥ 10 नाभवत्कृपणः कश्चिन्नाभवन्विधवाः स्त्रियः। तस्मिञ्जनपदे रम्ये कुरुभिर्बहुलीकृते॥ 11 कूपारामसभावाप्यो ब्राह्मणावसथास्तथा। बभूवुः सर्वर्द्धियुतास्तस्मिन्राष्ट्रे सदोत्सवाः॥ 12 भीष्मेण धर्मतो राजन्सर्वतः परिरक्षिते। बभूव रमणीयश्च चैत्ययूपशताङ्कितः॥ 13 स देशः परराष्ट्राणि विमृज्याभिप्रवर्धितः। भीष्मेण विहितं राष्ट्रे धर्मचक्रमवर्तत॥ 14 क्रियमाणेषु कृत्येषु कुमाराणां महात्मनाम्। पौरजानपदाः सर्वे बभूवुः परमोत्सुकाः॥ 15 गृहेषु कुरुमुख्यानां पौराणां च नराधिप। दीयतां भुज्यतां चेति वाचोऽश्रूयन्त सर्वशः॥ 16 धृतराष्ट्रश्च पाण्डुश्च विदुरश्च महामतिः। जन्मप्रभृति भीष्मेण पुत्रवत्परिपालिताः॥ 17 संस्कारैः संस्कृतास्ते तु व्रताध्ययनसंयुताः। श्रमव्यायामकुशलाः समपद्यन्त यौवनम्॥ 18 धनुर्वेदे च वेदे च गदायुद्धेऽसिचर्मणि। तथैव गजशिक्षायां नीतिशास्त्रेषु पारगाः॥ 19 इतिहासपुराणेषु नानाशिक्षासु बोधिताः। वेदवेदाङ्गतत्त्वज्ञाः सर्वत्र कृतनिश्चयाः॥ 20 पाण्डुर्धनुषि विक्रान्तो नरेष्वभ्यदिकोऽभवत्। अन्येभ्यो बलवानासीद्धृतराष्ट्रो महीपतिः॥ 21 त्रिषु लोकेषु न त्वासीत्कश्चिद्विदुरसंमितः। धर्मनित्यस्तथा राजन्धर्मं च परमं गतः॥ 22 प्रनष्टं शान्तनोर्वंशं समीक्ष्य पुनरुद्धृतम्। ततो निर्वचनं लोके सर्वराष्ट्रेष्ववर्तत॥ 23 वीरसूनां काशिसुते देशानां कुरुजाङ्गलम्। सर्वध्रमविदां भीष्मः पुराणां गजसाह्वयम्॥ 24 धृतराष्ट्रस्त्वचक्षुष्ट्वाद्रज्यं न प्रत्यपद्यत। पारसवत्वाद्विदुरो राजा पाण्डुर्बभूव ह॥ 25 कदाचिदथ गाङ्गेयः सर्वनीतिमतां वरः। विदुरं धर्मतत्त्वज्ञं वाक्यमाह यथोचितम्॥ ॥ 26 |
26 (665) |
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Vaisampayana said, 'With the birth of those three children, Kurujangala, Kurukshetra, and the Kurus flourished. The land produced plentiful harvests, and the crops tasted wonderful. Rainfall arrived timely, trees bore an abundance of fruit and flowers. The livestock thrived, and all creatures, including birds, celebrated with joy. The air was filled with sweet scents of blossoms, and the fruits were delicious; towns became bustling hubs of merchants, craftsmen, traders, and artists of all kinds. The people grew brave, knowledgeable, honest, and joyful. Crime and sin virtually vanished. It felt as if a golden age blanketed the entire kingdom. The people, committed to virtuous deeds, sacrifices, and honesty, nurtured affection for one another and thrived together. Free from pride, anger, and greed, they enjoyed innocent games. The capital of the Kurus, vast like the ocean, resembled a second Amaravati, filled with numerous palaces and mansions, featuring gates and arches dark as storm clouds. Joyful men frequently played by rivers, lakes, and ponds, in lovely groves and enchanting woods. The southern Kurus, competing in virtue with their northern relatives, mingled with Siddhas, Charanas, and Rishis. Throughout this delightful land enhanced by the Kurus, there were no greedy individuals or lonely widows. Wells and lakes overflowed; groves were lush with trees, and the homes of Brahmanas were rich, filling the kingdom with celebrations. And, O king, under Bhishma's virtuous rule, the kingdom thrived, adorned with countless sacrificial altars.' When Bhishma set the wheel of virtue in motion, the land flourished, becoming so peaceful that subjects from other realms left their homes to settle there, boosting its population. The citizens were filled with hope as they witnessed the youthful deeds of their noble princes. In the households of the Kuru leaders and the chief citizens, the words 'give' and 'eat' echoed all around. Since their birth, Dhritarashtra, Pandu, and the wise Vidura were raised by Bhishma as if they were his own children. After undergoing their traditional rites, they committed themselves to vows and studies, maturing into young men skilled in the Vedas and athletic pursuits. They became adept at archery, horsemanship, wrestling with mace, sword and shield, handling elephants in battle, and understanding morality. They were well-versed in history, Puranas, and various fields of knowledge, grasping the deep truths of the Vedas. Among them, Pandu was unmatched in archery, Dhritarashtra was the strongest, and Vidura stood out across the three worlds for his virtue and moral wisdom. Once the line of Santanu was restored, it became widely known that among heroic mothers, the daughters of the king of Kasi were the finest; among regions, Kurujangala was the best; among virtuous men, Vidura ranked first; and among cities, Hastinapura was the most prominent. Pandu ascended to the throne, as Dhritarashtra was blind and Vidura was born of a Sudra woman, which disqualified them from ruling. One day, Bhishma, the greatest expert in statecraft and moral principles, spoke to Vidura, who understood the essence of religion and virtue, and said the following. |
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भीष्म उवाच। गुणैः समुदितं सम्यगिदं नः प्रथितं कुलम्। अत्यन्यान्पृथिवीपालान्पृथिव्यामधिराज्यभाक्॥ 1 रक्षितं राजभिः पूर्वं धर्मविद्भिर्महात्मभिः। नोत्सादमगमच्चेदं कदाचिदिह नः कुलम्॥ 2 मया च सत्यवत्या च कृष्णेन च महात्मना। समवस्थापित भूयो युष्मासु कुलतन्तुषु॥ 3 तच्चैतद्वर्धते भूयः कुलं सागरवद्यथा। तथा मया विधातव्यं त्वया चैव न संशयः॥ 4 श्रूयते यादवी कन्या स्वनुरूपा कुलस्य नः। सुबलस्यात्मजा चैव तथा मद्रेश्वरस्य च॥ 5 कुलीना रूपवत्यश्च ताः कन्याः पुत्र सर्वशः। उचिताश्चैव संबन्धे तेऽस्माकं क्षत्रियर्षभाः॥ 6 मन्ये वरयितव्यास्ता इत्यहं धीमतां वर। सन्तानार्थं कुलस्यास्य यद्वा विदुर मन्यसे॥ 7 विदुर उवाच। भवान्पिता भावन्माता भवान्नः परमो गुरुः। तस्मात्स्वयं कुलस्यास्य विचार्य कुरु यद्धितम्॥ 8 वैशम्पायन उवाच। इति शुश्राव तत्त्वेन भीष्मः कुरुपितामहः॥ 9 ततो गान्धारराजस्य प्रेषयामास भारत। अचक्षुरिति तत्रासीत्सुबलस्य विचारणा॥ 10 कुलं ख्यातिं च वृत्तं च बुद्ध्या तु प्रसमीक्ष्य सः। ददै तां धृतराष्ट्राय गान्धारीं धर्मचारिणीम्॥ 11 गान्धारी त्वथ शुश्राव धृतराष्ट्रमचक्षुषम्। आत्मानं दिप्सितं चास्मै पित्रा मात्रा च भारत॥ 12 ततः सा पटमादाय कृत्वा बहुगुणं तदा। बबन्ध नेत्रे स्वे राजन्पतिव्रतपरायणा॥ 13 नाभ्यसूयां पतिमहमित्येवं कृतनिश्चया। ततो गान्धारराजस्य पुत्रः शकुनिरभ्ययात्॥ 14 स्वसारं परया लक्ष्म्या युक्तामादाय कौरवान्। तां तदा धृतराष्ट्राय ददौ परमसत्कृताम्। भीष्मस्यानुमते चैव विवाहं समकारयत्॥ 15 दत्त्वा स भगिनीं वीरो यथार्हं च परिच्छदम्। पुनरायात्स्वनगरं भीष्मेण प्रतिपूजितः॥ 16 गान्धार्यपि वरारोहा शीलाचारविचिषेटितैः। तुष्टिं कुरूणां सर्वेषां जनयामास भारत॥ 17 वृत्तेनाराध्य तान्सर्वान्गुरून्पतिपरायणा। वाचापि पुरुषानन्यान्सुव्रता नान्वकीर्तयत्॥ 18 |
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Bhishma said, 'Our renowned lineage, shining with every virtue and achievement, has always held authority over other kings on this earth. Its glory, upheld and carried forward by many honorable rulers of the past, including Krishna, Satyavati, and myself, has ensured you three have been raised to continue this legacy. It is essential that both you and I take action so our dynasty can flourish once more, like the vast sea. I have heard of three maidens suitable for bonds with our family. One is the daughter of Surasena from the Yadava clan; the second is the daughter of Suvala; and the third is the princess of Madra. All these young women come from noble bloodlines. They possess beauty and are of pure descent, making them perfect matches for us. You, who are the wisest among us, I believe we should consider marrying them to help our heritage grow. What are your thoughts?' To this, Vidura replied, 'You are like a father and mother to us; you are also our esteemed guide. Therefore, please do what you feel is best for our future.' Vaisampayana continued, “Upon hearing this, Bhishma, the grandfather of the Kurus, sent messengers to the king of Gandhara. King Suvala was initially uncertain due to the blindness of the groom, but considering the noble lineage, reputation, and character of the Kurus, he agreed to give his virtuous daughter to Dhritarashtra. Hearing that Dhritarashtra was blind and that her parents had consented to the union, Gandhari, out of love and respect for her future husband, blindfolded her own eyes. Sakuni, Suvala's son, brought his sister, full of youth and beauty, to the Kurus and formally gave her to Dhritarashtra. Gandhari was received with great honor, and the wedding was celebrated with much grandeur under Bhishma's guidance. After giving away his sister with numerous fine garments and receiving Bhishma's reverence, the brave Sakuni returned to his own city. And, O descendant of Bharata, the beautiful Gandhari won the hearts of all the Kurus with her kindness and respect. Ever devoted to her husband, she pleased her elders with her good behavior and, being chaste, never spoke of any man other than her husband or her superiors.' |
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